International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering, Science, and Management
Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 55-65, Jul-Sep 2026.
https://doi.org/10.58482/ijeresm.v5i3.4

Received: 02 Apr 2026 | Revised: 09 Jun 2026 | Accepted: 16 Jul 2026 | Published: 25 Jul 2026

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Village-Level Assessment of Potential Surface Water Storage Using an Integrated Water Balance Approach in the Ippala Vagu Watershed, India

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1J. Rangaiah 

2V. Mallikarjuna

3P. Udaya Bhaskar

1Department of Civil Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

2Department of Civil Engineering, Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

3Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract: The management of watersheds requires the planning of surface water resources. For hydrological analysis, runoff estimation is essential. This study aimed to estimate the village-level potential surface water storage by integrating the water balance components, including surface runoff, groundwater recharge, and effective rainfall. Surface runoff was estimated using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN), groundwater recharge was estimated by the Rainfall Infiltration Factor (RIF), and effective rainfall was estimated by Food and Agriculture Organization/ Agricultural Water Management Group (FAO/AGLW) approaches. Using rainfall data, water balance calculations were performed for the 18 villages within the Ippala Vagu Watershed to evaluate potential surface water storage. In total, 18 villages recorded an annual rainfall volume of 430.50 million cubic meters (MCM), of which 138.24 MCM (32.11%) was estimated as effective rainfall. Surface runoff constituted 71.57 MCM (16.62%), while groundwater recharge was estimated at 68.88 MCM (16.00%). The potential surface water storage amounted to 151.82 MCM, representing 35.27% of the annual precipitation volume. The current storage capacity was merely 73.67 MCM, constituting 48.52% of the potential surface water storage. These findings indicate considerable potential for improving the utilization of available surface water resources within the watershed. Accordingly, increasing water harvesting and storage facilities, especially in villages with high potential surface water storage, is recommended.

Keywords: Surface Runoff, Effective Rainfall, Potential Surface Water Storage, Geographic Information System, SCS-CN Method, Rainfall Infiltration Factor.

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