Hygiene Bio-Toilet Model for Energy Generation

Sahane Sanchit J.

Bhane Mayuri D.

Pinjari Omika B.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpre, Pune, INDIA

Abstract: On August 15, 1947, British paramountcy had left India with many wonders including railway which also called ‘veins of our country’ spread across every length and breadth of country. Indian Railways (IR) were being constantly criticized, as the discharges from toilets was laid on the tracks and this leads to environmental hazard. The toilet system in Indian Railways works in such a manner that the human faces and urine gets directly flushed on railway tracks through the hole on the floor of IR coaches. In current scenario, to deal with this issue, different systems like Controlled Discharge Toilet System (CDTS), Bio-toilet developed by IR engineers and DRDO biotechnologists, and Zero Discharge Toilet System (ZDTS) are extensively used. In this paper, a model of flush to energy is presented. The Bio-toilet system focuses on conversion of the toilet waste and biodegradable waste from station into energy which can be used for different purposes.

Keywords: Alert indicator, bio-toilet, flush to energy model, reservoir, sanitation of platform.

References:

[1] Kumar, P. Handbook on IR-DRDO Bio-Toilets for Open Lien Maintenance; Indian Railways Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology: Gwalior, India, 2012.

[2] Pandya Chintan, Yadav Jatin, Kareliya Sanket, Asst. Prof. Darshan Adeshara. “Automatic Working Bio-Toilet Tank for Railway Coaches”. Volume 2, Issue 10 October-2016.

[3] Dr. Manoj Hedaoo, Dr. Suchita Hirde, Ms. Arshi Khan, “Sanitation in Indian Railway Premises: A Great Cause of Concern,” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp.50-55, Jan-Mar 2012.

[4] Virendra Kumar Yadav, Saumya Batham, Amit Kumar Mallik, “From Flush to Energy Model: Solution of World’s Biggest Open Toilet (Indian Railways),” International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 67, No.20, April 2013.

[5] Phapale K.S., Maniyar M.Y., Kakad P.H., Bhosale P.M., Prof. Shinde R.S., “Modern Toilet System for Railways,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 04 Issue: 03, Mar -2017.

[6] National Sample Survey Office. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Swachhta Status Report; National Sample Survey Office: Delhi, India, 2016.

[7] Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, 2000–2020: Five Years into the SDGs. Available online: https://data.unicef.org/resources/progress-on-household-drinking-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-2000-2020/ (accessed on 1 July 2022).

[8] Jangra, B.; Majra, J.P.; Singh, M. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission): SWOT Analysis. Int. J. Community Med. Public Health 2016, 3, 3285–3290.

[9] Tiquia-Arashiro, S.M.; Pant, D. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies. Available online: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.1201/9780429487118/microbial-electrochemical-technologies-sonia-tiquia-arashiro-deepak-pant (accessed on 1 July 2022).

[10] Jadhav, D.A.; Jain, S.C.; Ghangrekar, M.M. Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment, Algal Biomass Production and Electricity Generation in Clayware Microbial Carbon Capture Cells. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2017, 183, 1076–1092.

[11] Jadhav, D.A.; Deshpande, P.A.; Ghangrekar, M.M. Enhancing the Performance of Single-Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell Using Manganese/Palladium and Zirconium/Palladium Composite Cathode Catalysts. Bioresour. Technol. 2017, 238, 568–574.

[12] Jadhav, D.A.; Chendake, A.D.; Schievano, A.; Pant, D. Suppressing Methanogens and Enriching Electrogens in Bioelectrochemical Systems. Bioresour. Technol. 2019, 277, 148–156.

[13] Jadhav, D.A.; Ghangrekar, M.M. Effective Ammonium Removal by Anaerobic Oxidation in Microbial Fuel Cells. Environ. Technol. 2015, 36, 767–775.